Management Information System for Science and Technology in Indonesia (MISSTI)
Management Information System for Science and Technology in Indonesia (MISSTI)
Engkos Koswara Natakusumah
Abstract
MISSTI is one of information system used for science and technology (ST) data management in Indonesia. The purpose of this system is to manage ST data and disseminate to the user through Intranet in Indonesian Institute Of Science and Internet. The system manages the data from Department, Non-Department, Council, Integrated Research, Society Self Fund Institution, Industry and Universities in Indonesia. This system run multi users, has completed science and technology databases, and can be accessed through Internet. Methodology used to build the system comprises: data collection, analysis, design, testing, and implementation; including building the database, data transfer, computer network, context diagram, data flow diagram, menu structure, input design, output design. In the implementation section explained the need of hardware, software, network preparation, server preparation, client preparation, database migration, program installation, and training program.
Abstrak
MISSTI adalah salah satu sistem informasi untuk manajemen data sains dan teknologi di Indoensia. Tujuan dari sistem ini adalah untuk mengelola data sains dan teknologi dan menyebarluaskannya kepada pemakai melalui intranet di Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia dan internet. Sistem ini mengelola data dari departmen, non-departmen, pemerintah daerah, riset unggulan terpadu, lembaga swadaya masyarakat, industri, dan universitas di Indonesia. Sistem ini berjalan multi users, berisi databases sains dan teknologi, dan dapat diakses melalui internet. Metodologi yang digunakan untuk membangun sistem ini meliputi pengumpulan data, analisis, disain, pengetesan, dan implementasi; termasuk membangun basisdata, transfer data, jaringan komputer, diagram konteks, diagram alir data, struktur menu, disain masukan, disain luaran. Pada bagian implementasi dikemukakan kebutuhan perangkat keras, perangkat lunak, persiapan jaringan, persiapan server, persiapan clien, migrasi basisdata, instalasi program, dan pelatihan program.
1.Introduction
IptekNet has been built to provide efficient and fast access and services to science and technology information resources. The concept of IptekNet operational system based on the considerations: distributing science and technology electronic information service proportionally to all over places in Indonesia through network, so that the community in regional areas can also have fast access to the required information. This is due to the Indonesia geography and the location of R&D centers, universities, and other important centers serve information. Since 1994, IptekNet has been connected fir e-mail at the least, while preparing their information database to be connected to IptekNet. The members consist of government institutions, universities, research centers, and strategic industries. The development of IptekNet is under the coordination of the National Research Council (DRN) whose established a steering committee for IptekNet. The members consist of representative from DRN and other institution in order to set the basic policy on the development of IptekNet. The steering committee assign the operational function if IptekNet to the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT).
The operational component of IptekNet consist of Network systems; Information services; and Management support: training, marketing, publication, formulation or policies and standards. Since IptekNet is fully integrated to the Internet, all regional nodes thus become the internet hosts and as such can have full and direct access to the resources of this global network.
LIPI Net (Indonesian Institute of Sciences Network) is a non-departmental research institution coordinated by the Ministry of Research and Technology for its programs and by the Minister of State Affairs for its administration, and reporting directly to the President of the Republic of Indonesia. While it has historical origins that trace back to the 16th century, the current LIPI was formed in 1967m with the main tasks of assisting the President in organising research and development, providing guidance and services in science and technology and advising the government on national science and technology policy.
The Government if the Republic of Indonesia’s (GOI) was to establish the Industrial Technology Development Project (ITDP) with the aim of enhancing the capacity of LIPI and two other GOI scientific research institutes, BPPT and the Ministry of Industry and Trade, to carry out contracted research. Management and Systems Strengthening – LIPI(MSS-LIPI) is one of the components of ITDP that relates to LIPI. The objective of MSS-LIPI is to advise and assist LIPI in developing enhanced capacity ti deliver and manage contract research with special emphasis on providing services to the private sector.
Under the Term of Reference (TOR) for the project, the principal activities of this twinning arrangement involve arranging for the transfer, implementation and integration at LIPI of modern management information systems and advanced practice un technology management as well as the facilitation or organisational change associated with transition to these systems. More precisely, over period of approximately 5 years the twinning partner will provide on-site, comprehensive technical assistance as will be necessary to:
1) Implement and make operational, in priority areas, core management information systems, including finance and budget, human resources administration, project process management, as well as procurement and inventory management. This project element is referred to as the Research and Development Management System (RDMS).
2) Establish and make operational in priority areas core function for the management of technology, including business development, contract administration, intellectual property management and public affairs or communications. This project element is referred to as the Technology Service Office (TSO).
3) Manage organisational change from the current to the desired state by providing for Overall project management (including project quality insurance); Diagnosis of organisational barriers ti acceptance of the new systems and practices; Communications and alignment activities to overcome organisational barriers; and Development of leadership and technical skills for no fewer than 10 middle managers.
This project element is referred to as the Project Management Resource Centre (PMRC). The focus of MSS-LIPI is the introduction of a new management culture into LIPI. The work program outlined for PMRC provides the framework and project management program for the changes being introduced under the TSO and RDMS components The three components are therefore strongly inter-related. Each component requires each of the others to give best effect to its purpose and to achieve the overall objective. Together they form the basis of a new management culture for LIPI that will enhance its image with its stakeholders and establish LIPI as an efficient and effectives provider of contract research services on science and technology.
MISSTI is one of information system that will integrate all program modules, such as Department, Non-department, City council, Integrated research, Society institution, Industry, and Universities. MSSTI run multi user, and has science and technology databases yearly.
2. System Design
MISSTI comprises group of program modules for managing data of science and technology development in various department, institution, and other research government. These program modules are department, non-department institution, city council, integrated research , society institution, and universities. These program module produce reports as follows:
1) Manpower, prepare how many man power needed in a research project
2) Financial, prepare how much cost allocated for doing research
3) Action, prepare sort of action carried out the research.
Every research carried out in a department showed data of manpower used, financial needed, and value of activities of the research. To produce report need supported by databases. Up to now, MISSIT has 3 physical databases, those are, manpower, city council, and Financial & activities. To produce reports of manpower, financial, and activities of program modules of department, non-department and city council used available databases (manpower, city council, and Financial & activities).
3. Database
Database in MISSTI consisted of many files related by key field from every file available on the system. This database minimizes redundancy and inconsistence data; easy to data access; data integration; data independent; and data standardization (all in DBF table). The operating system used windows NT, and the database used Microsoft SQL server. This Microsoft has size in teta byte, so that MISSTI has big size for complete database.
Process of data transfer used to transfer data from old DBF table to database of Microsoft SQL Server. This transfer can be done to table structure or its data or both table structure and data. Process of data transfer was carried out in several steps; preparation table to be transferred, preparation table on Microsoft SQL Server, and carried out process data transfer. To make simple of data transfer was built a software computer for transfer data from DBF table to Microsoft SQL Server. This software was designed as easier as possible, to that user that did not understand SQL could run this program.
4. Network
Network is Client-Server, this the network frequently used for network computer based on windows. Client computer is PC used by the user for asking information from the server. The server is a big computer designed for storage of data and application program, and also serves network to the client. Network used topology star.
5. Data Flow Diagram (DFD) of MISSTI
There are 6 main processes; department data entry, non-department data entry, pemda data entry, department report, non-department report, and pemda report (see Figure 1).
Figure 1 Data Flow Diagram of MISSTI
Process no. 1, department data entry has input from source (data of science and technology activities) then the data stores on the manpower and angkeg databases. Process no. 2, non-department data entry has input science and technology activities data, then stores in manpower and angkeg databases. Process no. 3, pemda data entry has input science and technology activities data of province, then the data stores on pemda database. Process no.4, department report has input data from manpower database and angkeg database, then processed to be science and technology book. Process no. 5, non-department report has input from manpower database and angkeg database, then processed to be science and technology book. Process no. 6, department report has input from pemda database, then processed to be science and technology book.
6. Menu Structure
Menu structure was designed to help user operated system easily. It comprised menu Input, Menu Update and Menu Report. These menu can access ‘data Tenaga, data Angkeg and data Pemda’; then added “menu Analisa�. This menu prepares many choices for showing information on manpower, finance, and activities of the department and non-department institution (see Figure 2)
Figure 2 Menu Structure
7. Input design
In the input design, all table needed in data entry process can be seen easily. Input design for manpower, pemda, and angkeg can be seen on the figure bellows:
a) Manpower.
This input has 4 types; fungsional non litbang, fungsional litbang, non litbang dan litbang. Input design of manpower is as follows:
Figure 3 Input design of Manpower
b) Financial and activities
Input design of financial and activities has 2 types; input design for header (title) of the financial and activities, and explanation of the activities carried out.
Figure 4 Input design of Financial and activities (title)
Figure 5 Input design of financial and activities data (activities)
c) Pemda (city council)
Input design of pemda consisted of 2 types; input design for header (title) of the financial and activities, and the activities carried out.
Figure 6 Input design of pemda data (title)
8. Output design
Output design of the MISSTI has good interface to produce report, and also has special menu for creating user friendly new report.
a) Manpower
Output design of manpower has 3 sections; education, division, and institution.
Figure 7 Output design of manpower: education
b) Budget and activities
Output design of budget and activities has 2 sections; budget and activities. There are also current, editing, and adding procedure for creating new report based on the user need.
Figure 8. Output design of Budget and Activities: Budget.
c) City council
Output design of pemda is shown bellows :
Figure 9. Output design of City Council
d) Analysis
Analysis section comprises; Manpower, Budget, and Activities in Department; Manpower, Budget, and Activities in Non Department. Output design of the analysis shown in a table form, various graphics, such as bar, line, pie, etc. Example of an output design is as follows:
Figure 10 Output design of Department Manpower (pie)
9. Implementation
Implementation of MISSTI needs hardware, software, computer network, server installation, client installation and program installation.
Hardware consists of server computer, workstation, adaptor network or network interface card (NIC), cable, and hub. Server is a central computer that manages all computer network activities, to store the data and program which can be accessed by all client. This server runs Windows NT 4 and Microsoft SQL Server 6.5. Workstation is a computer that can access data and program from server computer. Computer client uses windows 98. Network adaptor or Network Interface Card (NIC) is a card in a computer connected to the network. Function of this card is to have connection among computers in a network so that all computer connected can communicate each other. This network adaptor uses NE-2000 or campabile. Cable function is to have connection among adaptor cards in the computer. There are many types of cable can be used, such as coaxial cable, fiber optics, and unshielded twisted pail (UTP). In the network with star topology uses UTP cable.
Computer program built uses Delphi 3.0; databases connection between client and server use Borland database engine and ODBC. The software’s needed for server and client are: Computer software for server, such as Operating system: Windows NT Verse 4.0 with Service Pack 3 or more; Database Server : Microsoft SQL Server 6.5; and Driver DBMS (ODBC (available in windows NT); BDE (Borland Database Engine)). Computer software for client: Operating system : Windows 95/98 or newest version; and Driver DBMS (ODBC and BDE (Borland Database Engine)).
Computer network comprises several integrated computer hardware in a network, uses certain kind of network topology and protocol that be used for computer communication. Network topology is used to manage data communication traffic so the network run optimum. There are three kinds of computer network architecture, those are: Ethernet, Token Ring, Apple Talk and Arc Net. Ethernet network architecture is generally used in Indonesia. To use this network needs to prepare installation of network card and cable. Installation Network Card for server is different with client, especially in its bandwidth size. Need network driver to run Ethernet card. Whereas Cable installation needs system structure for making easier to decide cable line for each workstation. Made good documentation for cable line diagram for quick trouble shooting, if there is any trouble in the future.
Windows NT operating system and Microsoft SQL server are installed to the computer server. This installation needs special skills of the experts, and the network administrator should attend and follow the installation process. For Microsoft SQL server 6.5 installation needs also to manage the server and its SQL administration, so that the SQL server can work properly.
In computer client uses Windows 95 (minimum). In every computer client uses driver for running MIS program. The drivers are ODBC and BDE (Borland Database Engine). Database migration is carried out in computer server. Before that, it should prepare server and SQL administrations. After that application program for migration can be executed. Computer program is installed in computer server and client. The program in computer server as a back up, if the computer client do not have the program, the client can run the server’s program. But if the client has, the client can run the program and it can reduce the process load of the server.
10. Conclusion
Editing system modules can be done easily, including changing every modules to produce reports, without changing source program. MISSTI is developed to produce different report based on user’s need. Preparation of the report used SQL ( Structured Query Language) that written in a report script that can be read by the computer program. To write the script needs understanding of SQL commands, that is why MISSTI management should have SQL development training.
Related to data that will appear in the internet and data related to the server for MISSTI process, they need separation between internet server and MISSTI server. So that, separation executed program well distributed and can not cause the server down or crash. This system is also useful for data security.
Information that will appear in internet should be selected and have added value for the user. To select the information needs interface computer program for having connection between MISSTI and the internet.